Prime Ministers of Canada

1 1 Sir John A. Macdonald

MP for Kingston, ON 1 July 1867 5 November

1873 1867 (1st) • 1872 (2nd) Liberal–Conservative

Integration of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory into Canada; Manitoba Act; Red River Rebellion; Confederation of British Columbia; Creation of the North-West Mounted Police; Resigned over Pacific Scandal.

2 2 Alexander Mackenzie

MP for Lambton, ON 7 November

1873 8 October

1878 — (2nd) • 1874 (3rd) Liberal

Pacific Scandal; Creation of the Supreme Court; Establishment of the Royal Military College; Created the office of the Auditor General.

(1) 3 Sir John A. Macdonald

MP for Victoria, BC 1878–1882

MP for Carleton, ON 1882–1887

MP for Kingston, ON 1887–1891 17 October

1878 6 June

1891 1878 (4th) • 1882 (5th) • 1887 (6th) • 1891 (7th) Liberal–Conservative

National Policy; North-West Rebellion; Hanging of Louis Riel. Died in office (stroke).

3 4 Sir John Abbott

Senator 16 June

1891 24 November

1892 — (7th) Liberal–Conservative

Succeeded on Macdonald's death due to objections to the Catholic John Thompson. In ill health; retired.

4 5 Sir John Thompson

MP for Antigonish, NS 5 December

1892 12 December

1894 — (7th) Liberal–Conservative

First Catholic Prime Minister. Manitoba Schools Question. Died in office (heart attack).

5 6 Sir Mackenzie Bowell

Senator 21 December

1894 27 April

1896 — (7th) Conservative

Manitoba Schools Question.

6 7 Sir Charles Tupper

MP for Cape Breton, NS 1 May

1896 8 July

1896 — (none) Conservative

Manitoba Schools Question.

7 8 Sir Wilfrid Laurier

MP for Quebec East, QC 11 July

1896 6 October

1911 1896 (8th) • 1900 (9th) • 1904 (10th) • 1908 (11th) Liberal

Manitoba Schools Question; Boer War; Confederation of Alberta and Saskatchewan; Creation of the Royal Canadian Navy; Reciprocity with the US.

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10 Sir Robert Borden

MP for Halifax, NS until 1917

MP for Kings, NS from 1917 10 October

1911 12 October

1917 1911 (12th) Conservative

12 October

1917 10 July

1920 1917 (13th) Unionist

First World War; Military Service Act; Conscription Crisis of 1917; Unionist Party (Canada); Creation of the National Research Council; Introduction of income tax; Winnipeg General Strike; Nickle Resolution.

9 11 Arthur Meighen

MP for Portage la Prairie, MB 10 July

1920 29 December

1921 — (13th) N.L.C.

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10 12 William Lyon Mackenzie King

MP for York North, ON until 1925 29 December

1921 29 June

1926 1921 (14th) • 1925 (15th) Liberal

Lost his seat in 1925 election, which resulted in a hung parliament; the Governor General refused his request to dissolve parliament (King–Byng Affair).

(9) 13 Arthur Meighen

MP for Portage la Prairie, MB 29 June

1926 25 September

1926 — (15th) Conservative

Appointed as a result of the King–Byng Affair. Defeated and lost his seat in 1926 election.

(10) 14 William Lyon Mackenzie King

MP for Prince Albert, SK 25 September

1926 6 August

1930 1926 (16th) Liberal

Introduction of old age pensions; Great Depression.

11 15 Richard Bedford Bennett

MP for Calgary West, AB 7 August

1930 23 October

1935 1930 (17th) Conservative

Great Depression.

(10) 16 William Lyon Mackenzie King

MP for Prince Albert, SK until 1945

MP for Glengarry, ON from 1945 23 October

1935 15 November

1948 1935 (18th) • 1940 (19th) • 1945 (20th) Liberal

Creation of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation; National Film Board of Canada; Nationalization of the Bank of Canada; World War 2; Trans-Canada Airlines.

12 17 Louis St. Laurent

MP for Quebec East, QC 15 November

1948 21 June

1957 — (20th) • 1949 (21st) • 1953 (22nd) Liberal

Canada's entrance into NATO and the UN; Suez Crisis; Creation of the United Nations Emergency Force; London Declaration; Newfoundland Act; Equalization; Trans-Canada Highway; St. Lawrence Seaway; Trans-Canada Pipeline; Pipeline Debate.

13 18 John Diefenbaker

MP for Prince Albert, SK 21 June

1957 22 April

1963 1957 (23rd) • 1958 (24th) • 1962 (25th) Progressive Conservative

Avro Arrow cancellation; Coyne Affair; Cuban Missile Crisis; Canadian Bill of Rights.

14 19 Lester B. Pearson

MP for Algoma East, ON 22 April

1963 20 April

1968 1963 (26th) • 1965 (27th) Liberal

Bomarc missile program; Introduction of Canadian universal healthcare; Canada Pension Plan; Canada Student Loans; Creation of a new Canadian flag; Auto Pact; Rejection of troop deployment to Vietnam; Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism; Creation of the Canadian Forces; 1967 Canadian Centennial celebrations.

15 20 Pierre Trudeau

MP for Mount Royal, QC 20 April

1968 4 June

1979 — (27th) • 1968 (28th) • 1972 (29th) • 1974 (30th) Liberal

"Trudeaumania"; "Just Society"; October Crisis; Use of the War Measures Act; Official Languages Act; Establishment of relations with China; Creation of Petro-Canada; Membership in the G7; Metric Commission.

16 21 Joe Clark

MP for Yellowhead, AB 4 June

1979 3 March

1980 1979 (31st) Progressive Conservative

Youngest Canadian PM. Led a minority government; defeated in a motion of no confidence on tax proposals.

(15) 22 Pierre Trudeau

MP for Mount Royal, QC 3 March

1980 30 June

1984 1980 (32nd) Liberal

Introduction of the NEP; 1980 Referendum; Access to Information Act; Repatriation of the Canadian Constitution; Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms; Western alienation.

17 23 John Turner 30 June

1984 17 September

1984 — (32nd) Liberal

Trudeau Patronage Appointments

18 24 Brian Mulroney

MP for Manicouagan, QC until 1988

MP for Charlevoix, QC from 1988 17 September

1984 25 June

1993 1984 (33rd) • 1988 (34th) Progressive Conservative

Cancellation of the NEP; Meech Lake Accord; Air India bombing; Canada-US Free Trade Agreement; Introduction of the GST; Charlottetown Accord; Good relations with Ronald Reagan; Petro-Canada privatization; Gulf War; École Polytechnique massacre; Oka Crisis; Environmental Protection Act; NAFTA; Airbus affair.

19 25 Kim Campbell

MP for Vancouver Centre, BC 25 June

1993 4 November

1993 — (34th) Progressive Conservative

First female Prime Minister of Canada. Defeated and lost her seat in 1993 election.

20 26 Jean Chrétien

MP for Saint-Maurice, QC 4 November

1993 12 December

2003 1993 (35th) • 1997 (36th) • 2000 (37th) Liberal

Red Book; HST; 1995 Referendum; Clarity Act; Assassination attempt; Kosovo War; 1997 Red River Flood; Social Union Framework Agreement; Creation of Nunavut Territory; Youth Criminal Justice Act; Shawinigan Handshake; Invasion of Afghanistan; Opposition to the Invasion of Iraq; Sponsorship scandal; Kyoto Protocol; Gomery Inquiry.

21 27 Paul Martin

MP for LaSalle—Émard, QC 12 December

2003 6 February

2006 — (37th) • 2004 (38th) Liberal

Sponsorship scandal; Gomery inquiry; Civil Marriage Act; Kelowna Accord; Rejection of US Anti-Missile Treaty; G20; Atlantic Accord.

22 28 Stephen Harper

MP for Calgary Southwest, AB